Marketing Evolution: From COVID Response to 2025 Strategy
Looking Back to Move Forward
The COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020 and was more than a global health crisis; it was a profound inflexion point for businesses worldwide.
Marketing strategies that had been gradually evolving suddenly required immediate, dramatic transformation.
Digital acceleration, which had been proceeding at a measured pace, was thrust into hyperdrive as lockdowns and social distancing measures fundamentally altered consumer behaviour.
Now, in 2025, we can look back at this period with the clarity of hindsight and recognise which changes were temporary reactions to extraordinary circumstances and which represented permanent shifts in the marketing landscape.
This perspective lets us understand how marketing has evolved and where it’s heading.
The Initial Response: Crisis Marketing (2020-2021)
When COVID-19 first emerged, marketing teams worldwide faced unprecedented challenges.
Consumer priorities shifted dramatically overnight, with health, safety, and essential needs taking precedence over discretionary spending.
Brands needed to respond sensitively to a global tragedy while maintaining business continuity.
Key Characteristics of Crisis-Response Marketing
1. Empathetic Messaging
In the early days of the pandemic, brands quickly pivoted their messaging to acknowledge the collective challenge.
Advertisements featuring crowds or physical contact were hastily replaced with content emphasising safety, community, and resilience.
Phrases like “we’re all in this together” and “in these unprecedented times” became marketing staples, though they quickly reached saturation point.
2. Digital Channel Acceleration
As physical stores closed and face-to-face interactions became limited, businesses rapidly expanded their digital capabilities.
E-commerce platforms that might have been secondary sales channels suddenly became primary revenue streams.
Companies that had delayed digital transformation rushed to catch up, implementing years of planned changes in months.
According to McKinsey’s analysis, e-commerce penetration in the UK experienced ten years’ worth of growth in just 90 days during early 2020.
This dramatic shift forced brands to rapidly adjust their marketing channel mix and capabilities.
3. Budget Reallocation
Marketing budgets were profoundly impacted during this period.
Traditional channels like outdoor advertising, in-store promotions, and event marketing suddenly became ineffective, causing substantial budget shifts.
Spending on digital advertising, content marketing, and customer experience technologies increased dramatically.
Many brands also implemented cost-cutting measures, with marketing often bearing significant reductions.
This necessitated greater efficiency and ROI focus, accelerating the adoption of performance marketing approaches.
4. Tactical Agility
The rapidly changing environment demanded unprecedented agility.
Marketing teams learned to monitor real-time consumer sentiment and behaviour shifts, adjusting campaigns accordingly.
Approval processes were streamlined, production cycles shortened, and contingency plans became standard practice.
This period taught marketers valuable lessons about responsiveness that continue influencing practices today.
As Sainsbury’s former CMO Mark Given noted, “The pandemic forced us to make decisions in days that would have previously taken months.
That speed of decision-making is something we’ve tried to maintain.”
The Adaptation Phase: Finding the New Normal (2022-2023)
As initial shock subsided and vaccination programmes rolled out, businesses began adapting to a changing but stabilising environment.
This adaptation phase was characterised by more strategic responses to the emerging fundamental shifts in consumer behaviour.
Key Developments During the Adaptation Phase
1. Hybrid Experience Models
Recognising that digital-only approaches wouldn’t fully satisfy consumer needs, brands began developing hybrid models that blended online convenience with elements of physical experience.
“Click and collect” services expanded dramatically, virtual consultations became commonplace in service industries, and retailers experimented with appointment shopping and virtual events.
John Lewis‘s “Virtual Christmas Shop,” which allowed customers to navigate a digital twin of their festive department and purchase items for home delivery, exemplified this hybrid approach.
The experience combined the convenience of online shopping with the discovery and delight of in-store browsing.
2. First-Party Data Strategies
With digital interactions increasing and privacy regulations tightening, brands invested heavily in first-party data capabilities.
The impending deprecation of third-party cookies (which finally occurred in 2023) accelerated this shift, with marketers developing more sophisticated approaches to directly capturing and leveraging customer data.
Loyalty programmes were revamped, content personalisation expanded, and brands sought to create value exchanges, encouraging consumers to share information voluntarily.
Tesco’s ClubCard transformation during this period demonstrated how legacy loyalty programmes could evolve into comprehensive first-party data ecosystems.
3. Content Marketing Evolution
The content marketing landscape evolved significantly during this period.
The initial wave of pandemic-related content gave way to more sophisticated approaches focused on providing genuine utility and addressing emerging consumer needs.
Educational content performed exceptionally well as consumers developed new hobbies, skills, and interests during extended periods at home.
Instructional videos, online courses, and detailed guides became powerful marketing tools for brands ranging from food producers to financial services.
4. Community Building
As social isolation persisted, consumers sought connection through digital communities.
Forward-thinking brands recognised this need and developed strategies to facilitate meaningful customer interactions.
Gymshark’s online fitness community expanded dramatically during this period, demonstrating how brands could maintain relevance by providing platforms for shared experiences even when physical gatherings remained limited.
The Integration Phase: Strategic Synthesis (2024-2025)
By 2024, the marketing landscape had stabilised enough for organisations to take a more strategic approach, integrating the lessons from the crisis period with emerging technologies and evolving consumer expectations.
This current phase is characterised by synthesis rather than reaction.
Key Characteristics of Contemporary Marketing
1. AI-Enhanced Personalisation
The expansion of artificial intelligence capabilities has transformed personalisation from a nice-to-have feature to a fundamental marketing approach.
While basic personalisation (inserting names into emails or recommending products based on past purchases) had been standard practice for years, today’s AI-driven approaches are significantly more sophisticated.
Contemporary personalisation encompasses predictive content delivery, dynamic pricing strategies, and individualised customer journeys that adapt based on behaviour and context in real time.
Marks & Spencer’s shopping application exemplifies this approach, providing recommendations based on purchase history and weather conditions, local events, and predicted future needs.
2. Experience Ecosystems
The concept of customer experience has expanded beyond individual touchpoints to encompass entire ecosystems.
Leading brands now design comprehensive experiences that span channels, devices, and contexts, creating coherent customer journeys rather than disconnected interactions.
The boundaries between marketing, sales, and service have blurred considerably.
Successful organisations integrate these functions around customer needs rather than organisational structures.
Advanced customer data platforms (CDPS) have facilitated this integration, providing unified views of customer interactions across all touchpoints.
3. Value-Led Positioning
Consumer expectations regarding brand values have permanently shifted.
The pandemic highlighted social inequalities and accelerated awareness of environmental challenges, leading to increased scrutiny of corporate behaviour.
In 2025, successful brands don’t just communicate values—they demonstrate them through actions.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations have moved from peripheral concerns to central elements of brand strategy.
This shift is particularly pronounced among younger consumers, with 72% of Gen Z shoppers considering a brand’s sustainability practices before purchasing.
4. Immersive Technologies
While virtual and augmented reality technologies existed well before the pandemic, their adoption has accelerated dramatically.
Novelty experiences have evolved into practical marketing tools with measurable ROI.
Retailers now routinely offer AR-enabled shopping experiences, allowing customers to visualise products in their homes before purchase.
Virtual product launches reach global audiences simultaneously, and immersive brand experiences create memorable connections that drive loyalty and advocacy.
Burberry’s virtual fashion shows, which evolved from necessity during lockdowns to strategic advantages in the post-pandemic landscape, demonstrate how immersive technologies have transformed from stopgap solutions to preferred approaches.
Looking Forward: Emerging Trends for 2025 and Beyond
As we navigate through 2025, several emerging trends are already shaping the future of marketing.
These developments represent the next evolutionary phase rather than reactive changes.
Key Emerging Trends
1. Responsible AI and Algorithmic Transparency
As AI becomes increasingly central to marketing operations, concerns about algorithmic bias and ethical applications have grown.
Leading organisations are implementing transparent AI practices, clearly communicating how automated systems influence customer experiences and implementing governance frameworks to prevent harmful outcomes.
The EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act 2024 has accelerated this trend, establishing legal requirements for algorithmic transparency in marketing applications.
Forward-thinking brands treat these requirements not as compliance burdens but as opportunities to build trust.
2. Decentralised Marketing Ecosystems
Web3 technologies are beginning to influence marketing strategies beyond the initial hype cycle.
While early applications focused on speculative NFT projects, today’s approaches are more practical. They leverage blockchain technology to create verifiable claims, transparent supply chains, and direct community ownership.
Loyalty programmes built on blockchain infrastructure allow for more flexible reward systems and genuine benefits ownership.
Meanwhile, decentralised identity solutions are emerging as alternatives to conventional data collection approaches, potentially resolving the tension between personalisation and privacy.
3. Sustainable Marketing Practices
Environmental considerations have expanded beyond product attributes to encompass marketing practices themselves.
Carbon-neutral advertising campaigns, resource-efficient digital experiences, and circular promotional materials are becoming standard practices rather than differentiators.
Major advertisers, including Unilever and Nestle, have committed to calculating and offsetting the environmental impact of their marketing activities, establishing new industry benchmarks.
The focus on sustainability has also influenced digital practices, with page weight optimisation and server efficiency becoming considerations in website design.
4. Integrated Online/Offline Measurement
Innovative measurement approaches address the long-standing challenge of connecting online and offline customer behaviours.
Advanced attribution models, unified customer identifiers, and privacy-compliant tracking mechanisms provide more comprehensive customer journey views.
Retail analytics company Sensormatic’s ShopperTrak system, which combines in-store movement tracking with digital interaction data, exemplifies how the distinction between online and offline analytics is dissolving.
This integration enables truly omnichannel marketing approaches based on comprehensive customer understanding.
Lessons for Marketing Leaders
The journey from crisis response to strategic evolution offers valuable lessons for marketing leaders navigating an uncertain future:
1. Maintain Crisis-Developed Agility
The agility developed during the pandemic remains a competitive advantage.
Marketing organisations that have preserved streamlined approval processes, rapid testing capabilities, and flexible resource allocation will be better positioned to respond to future disruptions.
2. Balance Innovation and Fundamentals
While emerging technologies offer exciting possibilities, customer understanding, compelling messaging, and value delivery fundamentals remain essential.
The most successful marketing strategies integrate innovation with these enduring principles rather than chasing novelty for its own sake.
3. Prepare for Continuous Transformation
The accelerated pace of change experienced during the pandemic was not an anomaly but a preview of the future marketing landscape.
Organisations that have developed structural capabilities for continuous transformation—including adaptive talent models, flexible technology architectures, and experimental mindsets—will thrive amid ongoing disruption.
4. Centre Human Needs
Throughout the marketing evolution from crisis response to strategic integration, the consistently successful organisations have maintained a clear focus on genuine human needs.
As technologies advance and channels proliferate, this human-centred approach remains the most reliable guide for marketing effectiveness.
The marketing landscape will undoubtedly continue to evolve. Still, the fundamental lesson of the past five years remains constant: successful marketing strategies adapt to changing circumstances while remaining focused on creating meaningful connections between brands and the people they serve.
Marketing Evolution: From COVID Response to 2025 Strategy
Looking Back to Move Forward
The COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020 and was more than a global health crisis; it was a profound inflexion point for businesses worldwide.
Marketing strategies that had been gradually evolving suddenly required immediate, dramatic transformation.
Digital acceleration, which had been proceeding at a measured pace, was thrust into hyperdrive as lockdowns and social distancing measures fundamentally altered consumer behaviour.
Now, in 2025, we can look back at this period with the clarity of hindsight and recognise which changes were temporary reactions to extraordinary circumstances and which represented permanent shifts in the marketing landscape.
This perspective lets us understand how marketing has evolved and where it’s heading.
The Initial Response: Crisis Marketing (2020-2021)
When COVID-19 first emerged, marketing teams worldwide faced unprecedented challenges.
Consumer priorities shifted dramatically overnight, with health, safety, and essential needs taking precedence over discretionary spending.
Brands needed to respond sensitively to a global tragedy while maintaining business continuity.
Key Characteristics of Crisis-Response Marketing
1. Empathetic Messaging
In the early days of the pandemic, brands quickly pivoted their messaging to acknowledge the collective challenge.
Advertisements featuring crowds or physical contact were hastily replaced with content emphasising safety, community, and resilience.
Phrases like “we’re all in this together” and “in these unprecedented times” became marketing staples, though they quickly reached saturation point.
2. Digital Channel Acceleration
As physical stores closed and face-to-face interactions became limited, businesses rapidly expanded their digital capabilities.
E-commerce platforms that might have been secondary sales channels suddenly became primary revenue streams.
Companies that had delayed digital transformation rushed to catch up, implementing years of planned changes in months.
According to McKinsey’s analysis, e-commerce penetration in the UK experienced ten years’ worth of growth in just 90 days during early 2020.
This dramatic shift forced brands to rapidly adjust their marketing channel mix and capabilities.
3. Budget Reallocation
Marketing budgets were profoundly impacted during this period.
Traditional channels like outdoor advertising, in-store promotions, and event marketing suddenly became ineffective, causing substantial budget shifts.
Spending on digital advertising, content marketing, and customer experience technologies increased dramatically.
Many brands also implemented cost-cutting measures, with marketing often bearing significant reductions.
This necessitated greater efficiency and ROI focus, accelerating the adoption of performance marketing approaches.
4. Tactical Agility
The rapidly changing environment demanded unprecedented agility.
Marketing teams learned to monitor real-time consumer sentiment and behaviour shifts, adjusting campaigns accordingly.
Approval processes were streamlined, production cycles shortened, and contingency plans became standard practice.
This period taught marketers valuable lessons about responsiveness that continue influencing practices today.
As Sainsbury’s former CMO Mark Given noted, “The pandemic forced us to make decisions in days that would have previously taken months.
That speed of decision-making is something we’ve tried to maintain.”
The Adaptation Phase: Finding the New Normal (2022-2023)
As initial shock subsided and vaccination programmes rolled out, businesses began adapting to a changing but stabilising environment.
This adaptation phase was characterised by more strategic responses to the emerging fundamental shifts in consumer behaviour.
Key Developments During the Adaptation Phase
1. Hybrid Experience Models
Recognising that digital-only approaches wouldn’t fully satisfy consumer needs, brands began developing hybrid models that blended online convenience with elements of physical experience.
“Click and collect” services expanded dramatically, virtual consultations became commonplace in service industries, and retailers experimented with appointment shopping and virtual events.
John Lewis‘s “Virtual Christmas Shop,” which allowed customers to navigate a digital twin of their festive department and purchase items for home delivery, exemplified this hybrid approach.
The experience combined the convenience of online shopping with the discovery and delight of in-store browsing.
2. First-Party Data Strategies
With digital interactions increasing and privacy regulations tightening, brands invested heavily in first-party data capabilities.
The impending deprecation of third-party cookies (which finally occurred in 2023) accelerated this shift, with marketers developing more sophisticated approaches to directly capturing and leveraging customer data.
Loyalty programmes were revamped, content personalisation expanded, and brands sought to create value exchanges, encouraging consumers to share information voluntarily.
Tesco’s ClubCard transformation during this period demonstrated how legacy loyalty programmes could evolve into comprehensive first-party data ecosystems.
3. Content Marketing Evolution
The content marketing landscape evolved significantly during this period.
The initial wave of pandemic-related content gave way to more sophisticated approaches focused on providing genuine utility and addressing emerging consumer needs.
Educational content performed exceptionally well as consumers developed new hobbies, skills, and interests during extended periods at home.
Instructional videos, online courses, and detailed guides became powerful marketing tools for brands ranging from food producers to financial services.
4. Community Building
As social isolation persisted, consumers sought connection through digital communities.
Forward-thinking brands recognised this need and developed strategies to facilitate meaningful customer interactions.
Gymshark’s online fitness community expanded dramatically during this period, demonstrating how brands could maintain relevance by providing platforms for shared experiences even when physical gatherings remained limited.
The Integration Phase: Strategic Synthesis (2024-2025)
By 2024, the marketing landscape had stabilised enough for organisations to take a more strategic approach, integrating the lessons from the crisis period with emerging technologies and evolving consumer expectations.
This current phase is characterised by synthesis rather than reaction.
Key Characteristics of Contemporary Marketing
1. AI-Enhanced Personalisation
The expansion of artificial intelligence capabilities has transformed personalisation from a nice-to-have feature to a fundamental marketing approach.
While basic personalisation (inserting names into emails or recommending products based on past purchases) had been standard practice for years, today’s AI-driven approaches are significantly more sophisticated.
Contemporary personalisation encompasses predictive content delivery, dynamic pricing strategies, and individualised customer journeys that adapt based on behaviour and context in real time.
Marks & Spencer’s shopping application exemplifies this approach, providing recommendations based on purchase history and weather conditions, local events, and predicted future needs.
2. Experience Ecosystems
The concept of customer experience has expanded beyond individual touchpoints to encompass entire ecosystems.
Leading brands now design comprehensive experiences that span channels, devices, and contexts, creating coherent customer journeys rather than disconnected interactions.
The boundaries between marketing, sales, and service have blurred considerably.
Successful organisations integrate these functions around customer needs rather than organisational structures.
Advanced customer data platforms (CDPS) have facilitated this integration, providing unified views of customer interactions across all touchpoints.
3. Value-Led Positioning
Consumer expectations regarding brand values have permanently shifted.
The pandemic highlighted social inequalities and accelerated awareness of environmental challenges, leading to increased scrutiny of corporate behaviour.
In 2025, successful brands don’t just communicate values—they demonstrate them through actions.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations have moved from peripheral concerns to central elements of brand strategy.
This shift is particularly pronounced among younger consumers, with 72% of Gen Z shoppers considering a brand’s sustainability practices before purchasing.
4. Immersive Technologies
While virtual and augmented reality technologies existed well before the pandemic, their adoption has accelerated dramatically.
Novelty experiences have evolved into practical marketing tools with measurable ROI.
Retailers now routinely offer AR-enabled shopping experiences, allowing customers to visualise products in their homes before purchase.
Virtual product launches reach global audiences simultaneously, and immersive brand experiences create memorable connections that drive loyalty and advocacy.
Burberry’s virtual fashion shows, which evolved from necessity during lockdowns to strategic advantages in the post-pandemic landscape, demonstrate how immersive technologies have transformed from stopgap solutions to preferred approaches.
Looking Forward: Emerging Trends for 2025 and Beyond
As we navigate through 2025, several emerging trends are already shaping the future of marketing.
These developments represent the next evolutionary phase rather than reactive changes.
Key Emerging Trends
1. Responsible AI and Algorithmic Transparency
As AI becomes increasingly central to marketing operations, concerns about algorithmic bias and ethical applications have grown.
Leading organisations are implementing transparent AI practices, clearly communicating how automated systems influence customer experiences and implementing governance frameworks to prevent harmful outcomes.
The EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act 2024 has accelerated this trend, establishing legal requirements for algorithmic transparency in marketing applications.
Forward-thinking brands treat these requirements not as compliance burdens but as opportunities to build trust.
2. Decentralised Marketing Ecosystems
Web3 technologies are beginning to influence marketing strategies beyond the initial hype cycle.
While early applications focused on speculative NFT projects, today’s approaches are more practical. They leverage blockchain technology to create verifiable claims, transparent supply chains, and direct community ownership.
Loyalty programmes built on blockchain infrastructure allow for more flexible reward systems and genuine benefits ownership.
Meanwhile, decentralised identity solutions are emerging as alternatives to conventional data collection approaches, potentially resolving the tension between personalisation and privacy.
3. Sustainable Marketing Practices
Environmental considerations have expanded beyond product attributes to encompass marketing practices themselves.
Carbon-neutral advertising campaigns, resource-efficient digital experiences, and circular promotional materials are becoming standard practices rather than differentiators.
Major advertisers, including Unilever and Nestle, have committed to calculating and offsetting the environmental impact of their marketing activities, establishing new industry benchmarks.
The focus on sustainability has also influenced digital practices, with page weight optimisation and server efficiency becoming considerations in website design.
4. Integrated Online/Offline Measurement
Innovative measurement approaches address the long-standing challenge of connecting online and offline customer behaviours.
Advanced attribution models, unified customer identifiers, and privacy-compliant tracking mechanisms provide more comprehensive customer journey views.
Retail analytics company Sensormatic’s ShopperTrak system, which combines in-store movement tracking with digital interaction data, exemplifies how the distinction between online and offline analytics is dissolving.
This integration enables truly omnichannel marketing approaches based on comprehensive customer understanding.
Lessons for Marketing Leaders
The journey from crisis response to strategic evolution offers valuable lessons for marketing leaders navigating an uncertain future:
1. Maintain Crisis-Developed Agility
The agility developed during the pandemic remains a competitive advantage.
Marketing organisations that have preserved streamlined approval processes, rapid testing capabilities, and flexible resource allocation will be better positioned to respond to future disruptions.
2. Balance Innovation and Fundamentals
While emerging technologies offer exciting possibilities, customer understanding, compelling messaging, and value delivery fundamentals remain essential.
The most successful marketing strategies integrate innovation with these enduring principles rather than chasing novelty for its own sake.
3. Prepare for Continuous Transformation
The accelerated pace of change experienced during the pandemic was not an anomaly but a preview of the future marketing landscape.
Organisations that have developed structural capabilities for continuous transformation—including adaptive talent models, flexible technology architectures, and experimental mindsets—will thrive amid ongoing disruption.
4. Centre Human Needs
Throughout the marketing evolution from crisis response to strategic integration, the consistently successful organisations have maintained a clear focus on genuine human needs.
As technologies advance and channels proliferate, this human-centred approach remains the most reliable guide for marketing effectiveness.
The marketing landscape will undoubtedly continue to evolve. Still, the fundamental lesson of the past five years remains constant: successful marketing strategies adapt to changing circumstances while remaining focused on creating meaningful connections between brands and the people they serve.
